Not only Russian copyright, broadcast and digital law
Similar positive impact on researchers as under Option 2 as regards both legal certainty and reduction of transaction costs, as a result of the introduction of an exception harmonised at EU level. Additional positive impact as this option would remove the legal uncertainty and the grey area as regards the research projects carried out by public organisations with a possible commercial outcome, including in cooperation of these organisations with private partners (PPPs).
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The personal information of internet users, which they leave or provide it making purchases or using some service etc., is very valuable for advertisers and internet companies. For example, some video services work on advertising models, when users watch ads in return of access to their favorite movies or music. In order to define what ads to show the advertisers collect certain information about internet users.
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The deputy of Russian minister of communication believes the Russian and Chinese mass media faces unfair competition, but he did not mention who is guilty thereof. According to his words, the Russian and Chinese mass media also face restrictions in disseminating of information. He believes it is time to think on cultivation of domestic alternatives to Twitter, Facebook, Viber, WhatsApp and other means of mass communication. The blockings are not effective.
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The chief of Russian book union asked the chief of Roskomandzor – the Russian internet watchdog – to assist in signing of antipiracy memorandum between book publishers and internet companies in order to fight piracy more effective. The antipiracy memo, signed between right holders and internet companies, covers only strict circle of right holders and only audio-visual works, the books and other types of copyrighted content are not included in memo.
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Platforms should be required to disclose the principles underlying the parameters determining ranking, but not the algorithms themselves, which should be considered to be trade secrets. It is similarly very important to distinguish between a transaction and the initiation of a transaction. A simple search for a product or service on a search engine should not be considered to be an initiation of a transaction but merely a request for information which could lead to the initiation of a transaction.
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The Russian government has adopted the rules of subscribers’ identification for messengers operating in Russia. These rules concerns also such messengers like Viber, WhatsApp and other similar means of mass communication. The identification of subscriber is to be made now through mobile operators. Each cell number is connected with ID of person or incorporation details of legal entity. The rules enter into force 180 days following the signature.
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Mandatory exception covering text and data mining for non-commercial scientific research purposes
Legislative intervention introducing a harmonised exception would increase legal certainty and reduce rights clearance costs. Researchers would be able to mine scientific publications subscribed to by their institution in full legal certainty as long as this is done for non-commercial scientific research. In addition, transaction costs for public interest research organisations could be considerably reduced.
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But they make efforts only in relation to Russian search engine and internet company Yandex. Google and other search engines are out of their interest. There are also search engines of Mail.ru and Rambler company. The association, representing the copyright interests of Russian major book publishers, has filed lawsuit against Yandex seeking to clear the search indexing from links to pirate web-sites.
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Russian major internet companies Yandex, Mail.ru, Rambler and RuTube together with Russian major audio-visual right holders Gazprom Media, National Media Group, First Channel, VGTRK, STS Media, association Internet Video and Association of movie and television producers have signed anti-piracy memorandum. This memorandum has been signed at the meeting hosted by Russian internet watchdog Roskomandzor.
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Russian law enforcement system applies restrictions in internet very broadly, namely restriction of access to web-resources. There is trend to apply such restriction without court order. Even blocking of VPNs does not help. People receive access to blocked web-sites, use VPN services emerging as an offer to demand, and mirrors of blocked web-sites appears in top positions of search results.
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