A first important difficulty derives from, contractual blockages generally linked to licensing practices based on exclusivity of exploitation rights and on the release windows system. They limit the online availability of AV works on VoD platforms.
Comments closedCategory: Audio-visual
Option 2 would enhance the level of legal certainty for the benefit of a wide range of retransmission services – IPTV, OTT, satellite, DTT, mobile – and can be expected to both (i) contribute to a greater variety of such services and (ii) provide an incentive to the retransmission service providers to expand the range of TV / radio channels offered to their subscribers.
Comments closedOption 1 – Mandatory collective management of rights to retransmission of TV / radio broadcasts by means of IPTV and other retransmission services provided over “closed” electronic communications networks
Option 1 would enhance the level of legal certainty for the benefit of a specific category of retransmission services – those provided over “closed” electronic communications networks – and can be expected to contribute to a better offer of such services, depending on market situations in particular MS.
Comments closedDigital services, such as video streaming, should be made available to all EU citizens irrespective of the Member State in which they are located; it should to call on the Commission to request that European digital companies remove geographical controls (e.g. IP address blocking) across the Union and allow the purchase of digital services from outside the consumer’s Member State of origin.
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The core difference between Options 2 and 3 is that Option 3 also covers online linear TV and radio-like transmissions (webcasting services) and online services ancillary to webcasting. One general challenge in assessing impacts of this option is the fact that webcasting market (in the sense of online-only, linear TV or radio-like services) is at a development stage and not yet fully formed.
Comments closedDerek Seltzer created Scream Icon in 2003, and subsequently reproduced the image on posters and stickers. These reproductions were displayed on buildings, walls, street signs, and other public spaces around Los Angeles, including, specifically, a wall at Sunset Boulevard and Gardner Avenue. The Scream Icon image was also disseminated online.
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This option would simplify the clearance of rights needed for cross-border online transmissions: broadcasters would only need to clear the rights for the country of origin while they would be able to offer their services in the entire EU. However, Option 2 entails a limited risk of disaggregation of repertoire currently managed by CMOs, which would have a negative effect on transaction costs (broadcasters would have to negotiate with individual rightholders instead of CMOs).
Comments closedElmo Shropshire, who also goes by a stage name of “Dr. Elmo,” is known for his performance of the song “Grandma Got Run Over By A Reindeer” (“Grandma song”). The copyright to the underlying musical composition of the song is co-owned by d/b/a Elmo Publishing and by Patricia Trigg, d/b/a Kris Publishing. Elmo Shropshire, plaintiff, alleges that in or about December 2007, Aubrey Canning posted a video on YouTube, which combined Christmas-related pictures with audio of a Canadian musical group, “The Irish Rovers”, singing the Grandma song.
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Option 1 could facilitate the clearance of rights and reduce transaction costs for cross-border online transmissions only on the basis of voluntary agreements concluded between rightholders, CMOs and broadcasters. The effectiveness of such agreements would depend on the sectors’ willingness to license rights collectively (which may be limited in the case of AV works).
Comments closedUnder the baseline scenario, broadcasters would continue facing high transaction costs linked to licensing of rights for cross-border online transmissions, including for their own programmes. Existing voluntary initiatives aimed at promoting the aggregation of rights and the granting of multi-territorial licences could nevertheless contribute to facilitating the clearance of rights for musical works and phonograms used in in radio and TV broadcasts.
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